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Mexican History Quiz Questions and Answers

40 Mexican history questions with answers: the Olmecs and Aztecs, New Spain, independence, the Revolution and modern Mexico.

40 questions · tap “Show answer” under each one · Answer key

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Round 1

  1. Which ancient civilization carved giant stone heads?

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    The Olmecs

    Some heads are about 3 m tall. Source

  2. Around which year was the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan founded?

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    1325

    It was built on an island in Lake Texcoco. Source

  3. Which Spanish conquistador led the conquest of the Aztec Empire?

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    Hernán Cortés

    He landed on the coast in 1519. Source

  4. Who was the Aztec emperor when Cortés arrived?

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    Moctezuma II

    He received the Spaniards in Tenochtitlan in 1519. Source

  5. Who was the last Aztec emperor, who defended Tenochtitlan to the end?

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    Cuauhtémoc

    He was captured when the city fell. Source

  6. In which year did Tenochtitlan fall to the Spanish and their allies?

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    1521

    Tens of thousands of Tlaxcalan warriors fought alongside the Spanish. Source

  7. Who was the Nahua woman who interpreted for Cortés?

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    La Malinche

    She spoke Nahuatl and Maya, and learned Spanish. Source

  8. What was colonial Mexico called?

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    New Spain

    The viceroyalty lasted three centuries. Source

  9. From which Pacific port did the Manila galleons sail between New Spain and Asia?

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    Acapulco

    The route ran from 1565 to 1815. Source

  10. Which 17th-century nun is counted among the greatest poets of the Spanish language?

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    Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

    She lived as a nun in Mexico City, where she wrote plays, poems and letters. Source

Round 2

  1. Which priest's 1810 call, the 'Grito de Dolores', began the War of Independence?

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    Miguel Hidalgo

    The president repeats the cry every September 15. Source

  2. Which woman, known as 'La Corregidora', warned the independence plotters in 1810?

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    Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez

    She was the wife of Querétaro's magistrate. Source

  3. Which priest led the independence movement after Hidalgo was executed?

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    José María Morelos

    The state of Morelos is named after him. Source

  4. In which year did Mexico win its independence?

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    1821

    The Army of the Three Guarantees entered Mexico City that September. Source

  5. Who became emperor of Mexico in 1822?

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    Agustín de Iturbide

    He gave up the throne within a year. Source

  6. Who was the first president of Mexico?

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    Guadalupe Victoria

    He took office in 1824. Source

  7. Which territory declared its independence from Mexico in 1836?

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    Texas

    It joined the United States in 1845. Source

  8. Which Mexican leader commanded the army at the Battle of the Alamo?

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    Antonio López de Santa Anna

    He was president of Mexico several times. Source

  9. Which treaty ended the Mexican–American War in 1848?

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    Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

    Mexico lost about half its territory. Source

  10. The Niños Héroes died defending which castle in 1847?

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    Chapultepec Castle

    They were young cadets of the military academy. Source

Round 3

  1. Which president, born into a Zapotec family, led the liberal Reform?

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    Benito Juárez

    His birthday, March 21, is commemorated with a national holiday. Source

  2. On May 5, 1862, which army did Mexico defeat at Puebla?

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    The French army

    The day is now celebrated as Cinco de Mayo. Source

  3. Which Austrian archduke was made emperor of Mexico with French support?

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    Maximilian

    He was executed in Querétaro in 1867. Source

  4. Which president ruled Mexico for more than 30 years before the Revolution?

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    Porfirio Díaz

    His era is called the Porfiriato. Source

  5. In which year did the Mexican Revolution begin?

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    1910

    It began on November 20, commemorated with a national holiday. Source

  6. Who called for the uprising against Porfirio Díaz with the Plan of San Luis Potosí?

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    Francisco I. Madero

    He became president in 1911. Source

  7. Which revolutionary fought under the slogan 'Tierra y libertad' (land and liberty)?

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    Emiliano Zapata

    He led peasants from the state of Morelos. Source

  8. Pancho Villa's Division of the North was based in which state?

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    Chihuahua

    In 1916 he raided Columbus, New Mexico. Source

  9. Mexico's current constitution dates from which year?

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    1917

    It was proclaimed in Querétaro on February 5. Source

  10. Which Mexican university traces its roots to the Royal University of Mexico, founded in 1551?

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    UNAM

    Its main campus, Ciudad Universitaria, is a World Heritage Site. Source

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Round 4

  1. What is the name of Mexico's state oil company, created in 1938?

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    Pemex

    Its full name is Petróleos Mexicanos. Source

  2. In which year did the railway between Mexico City and Veracruz open?

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    1873

    President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada opened it on January 1. Source

  3. Whose tomb was found in 1952 inside the Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque?

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    Pakal the Great

    He ruled the Maya city for 68 years. Source

  4. In which year did a huge earthquake hit Mexico City on September 19?

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    1985

    Another struck on the same date in 2017. Source

  5. Which walled ancient city stands on cliffs above the Caribbean Sea in Quintana Roo?

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    Tulum

    People still lived there about 70 years after the Spanish arrived. Source

  6. Which city had the first printing press in the Americas, around 1539?

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    Mexico City

    The printer Juan Pablos ran it. Source

  7. What were the farm plots the Aztecs built on the shallow lakes around Tenochtitlan called?

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    Chinampas

    Some are still farmed in Xochimilco. Source

  8. What were the Aztec Empire's professional long-distance merchants called?

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    Pochteca

    They also carried news across the empire and beyond its borders. Source

  9. The name 'Mexico' comes from which people?

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    The Mexica

    The Aztecs called themselves the Mexica. Source

  10. The famous carved 'Aztec calendar' is better known as what?

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    The Sun Stone

    It was found in Mexico City's main square in 1790. Source

Answer key

Round 1

  1. The Olmecs
  2. 1325
  3. Hernán Cortés
  4. Moctezuma II
  5. Cuauhtémoc
  6. 1521
  7. La Malinche
  8. New Spain
  9. Acapulco
  10. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

Round 2

  1. Miguel Hidalgo
  2. Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez
  3. José María Morelos
  4. 1821
  5. Agustín de Iturbide
  6. Guadalupe Victoria
  7. Texas
  8. Antonio López de Santa Anna
  9. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
  10. Chapultepec Castle

Round 3

  1. Benito Juárez
  2. The French army
  3. Maximilian
  4. Porfirio Díaz
  5. 1910
  6. Francisco I. Madero
  7. Emiliano Zapata
  8. Chihuahua
  9. 1917
  10. UNAM

Round 4

  1. Pemex
  2. 1873
  3. Pakal the Great
  4. 1985
  5. Tulum
  6. Mexico City
  7. Chinampas
  8. Pochteca
  9. The Mexica
  10. The Sun Stone

Link to this page

Sources

  1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmecs
  2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan
  3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernán Cortés
  4. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moctezuma II
  5. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuauhtémoc
  6. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall of Tenochtitlan
  7. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La Malinche
  8. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New Spain
  9. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila galleon
  10. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana Inés de la Cruz
  11. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cry of Dolores
  12. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez
  13. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José María Morelos
  14. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican War of Independence
  15. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agustín de Iturbide
  16. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe Victoria
  17. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas Revolution
  18. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle of the Alamo
  19. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
  20. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niños Héroes
  21. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito Juárez
  22. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinco de Mayo
  23. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian I of Mexico
  24. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porfirio Díaz
  25. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican Revolution
  26. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco I. Madero
  27. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano Zapata
  28. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho Villa
  29. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution of Mexico
  30. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National Autonomous University of Mexico
  31. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex
  32. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican Railway
  33. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K'inich Janaab' Pakal
  34. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985 Mexico City earthquake
  35. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulum
  36. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan Pablos
  37. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinampa
  38. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pochteca
  39. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztecs
  40. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec sun stone

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